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Resync by XhmikosR
www.addic7ed.com

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The oceans seemingly limitless,

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invoke in us a sense of awe and
wonder and also sometimes fear.

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They cover 70% of the surface
of our planet,

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and yet they are still
the least explored.

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Hidden beneath the waves
right beneath my feet,

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there are creatures
beyond our imagination.

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With revolutionary technology,
we can enter new worlds...

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...and shine the light on behaviours

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in ways that were impossible
just a generation ago.

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We've also recognized
an uncomfortable fact.

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The health of our ocean
is under threat.

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They're changing at a faster rate
than ever before in human history.

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Never has there been
a more crucial time

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to reveal what is going on
beneath the surface of the seas.

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In this first episode,

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we will journey across the globe
from the warm waters of the tropics

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to the coldest around the poles.

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To bring us a new understanding
of live beneath the waves.

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This is Blue Planet II.

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The surface of the ocean conceals
the many creatures that live beneath

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but not all.

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Bottlenose dolphins.

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They're extremely intelligent.

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And with this intelligence
comes playfulness.

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They surf.

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And as far as we can tell,
they do so for the sheer joy of it.

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But to properly appreciate
their true character,

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you have to travel with them
into their world.

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A pod of bottlenose dolphins is
visiting a coral reef in the Red Sea.

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For the youngsters,
there are things to be learned here.

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The adults lead a calf
to a particular bush-like coral

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called a Gorgonian.

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And here, the adults behave
rather strangely.

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They deliberately rub themselves
through the fronds.

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Their calf seems reluctant to do so.

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By watching his elders,

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he may be realizing that this
is something he ought to do.

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Gorgonia fronds, in fact,
are covered with a mucous

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that can have anti-inflammatory
and antimicrobial properties.

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So maybe the adult dolphins
are doing this

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to protect themselves from infection.

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The dolphins' intimate knowledge
of the reef

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is spurring us to search
for new medicines here, too.

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Tropical coral reefs

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occupy only a tenth of one percent
of the ocean floor.

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But their shallow warm waters
and stable year round conditions,

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support some of the most crowded
and varied communities

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to be found anywhere in the oceans.

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And there are new discoveries to
be made on every one of them.

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One creature
on Australia's Great Barrier Reef

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is challenging our understanding
of fish intelligence.

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A tusk fish.

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And you can see why it gets its name.

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He does something few would
have believed a fish could do.

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Every morning,
he travels to the edge of the reef.

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He's searching
for something special to eat

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amongst the coral and sand.

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Here's one.

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A small clam.

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But how to crack it open
and get to the meat?

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He takes it all the way back

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to his special kitchen.

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A bowl-shaped coral

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that has a particular bump on
the inside that he always uses.

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It's not easy if you have no hands.

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Whoops.

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There he goes again.

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But he's got great determination

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and surprising accuracy.

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At last.

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So here is a fish that uses tools.

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Some fish are much cleverer
than you might suppose.

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The density of the animals
on tropical reefs

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makes competition
inevitable and extreme.

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Not only for those that lived
within the reef,

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but for the birds
that fly above them.

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During the dry season,

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over half a million terns

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crowd onto this remote atoll
in the Indian Ocean.

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Their chicks are still
in their dark, juvenile plumage.

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They vary in age.

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Whilst the more advanced chicks
take to the air,

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others aren't quite ready yet.

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Those just starting to learn to fly

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use the shallow lagoon
that occupies the centre of the atoll

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as their training ground.

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It's difficult for some of them
to stay aloft for long.

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Giant trevallies.

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Usually, they're solitary hunters,

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but about 50 of them have come here
from neighbouring reefs

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attracted by this abundance
of potential prey.

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The fledglings stay out of the water
if they can,

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they even drink on the wing.

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If the trevally are to catch one now,

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they have to up their game.

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So there is a fish
here that amazingly

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has a brain capable of calculating
the airspeed,

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altitude and trajectory of a bird.

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The time comes when every fledgling
has to take to the air

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and collect food for itself.

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Their parents lead them
to the training grounds.

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If they're to survive,

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they must learn quickly.

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After a month of practising
over the lagoon,

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the youngsters start to leave

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and take their chances
out over the open sea.

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The oceans hold 97% of all the water
in the world.

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As the sun warms their surface,
water evaporates.

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The vapour rises into the sky

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until it cools and condenses
into towering clouds.

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And they generate huge storms.

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The spin of the earth
deflects these storms

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north and south into
cooler latitudes.

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As they travel across the sea,

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storm-driven winds
create huge swells.

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When the swells reach
shallower waters,

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they rise into gigantic waves.

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In its lifetime,
a large storm can release energy

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that is the equivalent
of 10,000 nuclear bombs.

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These are the seasonal seas.

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And when they warm in spring,

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they can suddenly explode with life.

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Mobula rays have gathered
in Mexico's Sea of Cortez

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in vast numbers.

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Why do they leap?

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Is it to tell others
that they're here?

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No one knows.

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They feed mostly at night

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for that is when vast swarms
of plankton rise from the depths.

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The disturbance in the water...

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stimulates many of the planktonic
creatures to luminesce.

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Only now do we have the technology
to record their faint glow.

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The feasting rays swim through them

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creating an extraordinary ballet
of life and death.

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The richness of these waters
is based on microscopic plants,

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phytoplankton,

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which bloom on such a massive scale
they benefit us all.

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They, together with seaweeds
and seagrasses,

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produce as much oxygen

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as all the forests
and grassy plains on land.

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Every spring off New Zealand,

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the seasonal bounty
draws in rare visitors.

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False killer whales.

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They're relatives of the orca,

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six metres long
and weighing over a tonne.

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They appear to be searching
for dolphins.

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And there are many
in these coastal waters.

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Here, bottlenose
dolphins stick together

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constantly chattering
with whistles and clicks.

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Such a din carries for
miles underwater.

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The false killers have detected them.

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Travelling at ten knots,
the killers quickly close in on them.

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But then, something truly
extraordinary happens.

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The dolphins turn

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as if to greet their pursuers.

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They seem to change their course.

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Could it be that they're attempting
to communicate?

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Scientists studying
this annual encounter,

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now think that individuals
may recognize one another.

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Almost unbelievably,
it seems that these different species

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appear to be old friends.

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Together they're gathering
as one unified army

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up to a thousand strong.

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This formidable hunting party
now harvests the riches

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that come with New Zealand's summer.

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All across the higher latitudes,

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seasonal seas flourish
under the summer sun.

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Here in Alaska,
sea otters lounge in the canopy

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of great submarine forests.

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Giant kelp, the biggest seaweed of
all is home to all kinds of life.

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On the forest floor, spiny
sea urchins munch through the kelp.

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Elsewhere there are continuously
hungry sea cucumbers

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And in the tangled undergrowth,

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wonderfully camouflaged sea dragons.

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In the underwater forests
of northern Japan,

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the residents of this sunken wreck

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are waiting for the summer temperatures
to reach 16 degrees Celsius.

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That for some is the time for mating.

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A kind of giant wrasse
called a Kobudai.

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This is a male.

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And in female terms,
he's particularly handsome.

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He's a metre long and
weighs 15 kilos.

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Much larger than the
diminutive female,

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and he is ready to breed.

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He attempts to mate with her

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and with any of the dozen or so
females that live in his territory,

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whenever he gets the chance.

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But females from around ten years old

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take little notice of his advances.

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This is because when any large female
reaches a critical body size,

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she can begin a dramatic
transformation.

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Over just a few months,

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particular enzymes inside her body
cease to work,

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and male hormones start to circulate.

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As time passes,

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her head expands

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and her chin gets longer.

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A she has changed into a he.

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And with this comes a change
in temperament.

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The old male who rules
all the females here

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is challenged to a face off.

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The more bulbous the head,

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the more it intimidates an opponent.

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The territory has a new ruler.

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Only the largest females transform
themselves in this way.

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But the change enables them
to have more mates,

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so they will have many more offspring
carrying their genes.

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But a new male can't afford
to be complacent.

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Inside the body of
every Kobudai female,

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there is a new male in waiting.

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The closer we travel towards the
poles, the colder the seas become.

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Icebergs appear.

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Huge slabs that have broken away

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from glaciers that are sliding
into the sea.

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And then the surface
starts to freeze.

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While the lights of the aurora
play above,

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even in the depths of midwinter,

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there are a few places
well north of the Arctic circle

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that are still open.

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The fjords of northern Norway
remain ice free

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because a giant current,
the Gulf Stream,

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flows up here from the south

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bringing warmth all the way
from the Caribbean.

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And every winter,

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billions of herring
come here for shelter.

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And following them...

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...Orca.

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There are up to a thousand of them.

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It's possibly the greatest gathering
of orca on the planet.

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The herring maybe plentiful
but in these winding fjords

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they're not always
easy to track down.

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These particular orca, however,

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are fish hunting specialists.

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They work as a team,

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coordinating their approach
by calling loudly to one another.

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They herd the herring
into tighter and tighter shoals.

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They swim below them,

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trapping them against
the surface of the sea.

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And now the orca deploy
their special weapon.

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They beat their tails
with such force,

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that the shock waves
stun the herring.

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And then the senseless victims
are easily collected.

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But all this underwater noise
attracts others.

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Humpback whales.

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They move in on the action.

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They approach the shoal from beneath
and then lunge upwards,

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gathering up to a hundred kilos
of herring in a single mouthful.

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The humpbacks are
comparative newcomers.

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They only started coming here
within the last decade.

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But these polars seas are so rich

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00:39:27,862 --> 00:39:30,662
that there appears to be enough food
for everyone.

253
00:39:52,902 --> 00:39:56,142
Nonetheless, few if
any of these riches

254
00:39:56,262 --> 00:39:59,702
would be here were it not
for the Gulf Stream.

255
00:40:08,782 --> 00:40:13,422
Ocean currents, in fact, are crucial
to the well being of our planet.

256
00:40:18,422 --> 00:40:21,542
They distribute the sun's heat
towards the poles

257
00:40:21,622 --> 00:40:23,222
all the way from the equator,

258
00:40:25,782 --> 00:40:30,142
maintaining a climate favourable
for life almost everywhere.

259
00:40:36,662 --> 00:40:39,862
From creating the weather
to producing oxygen,

260
00:40:39,942 --> 00:40:42,742
the seas keep our world healthy.

261
00:40:51,902 --> 00:40:54,342
But there are now worrying signs

262
00:40:54,462 --> 00:40:56,022
that conditions in the oceans

263
00:40:56,102 --> 00:40:58,902
that have remained relatively stable
for millennia

264
00:40:59,302 --> 00:41:01,102
are changing radically.

265
00:41:02,982 --> 00:41:06,502
Nowhere is this more evident
than in the Arctic.

266
00:41:08,742 --> 00:41:10,702
Here in the past 30 years,

267
00:41:10,822 --> 00:41:15,422
the extent of the ice in summer
has been reduced by 40%.

268
00:41:16,542 --> 00:41:18,262
This sudden warming,

269
00:41:18,422 --> 00:41:21,222
most likely a consequence
of human activity,

270
00:41:21,582 --> 00:41:25,302
is having a profound impact
on its wildlife.

271
00:41:32,222 --> 00:41:36,142
Walruses are among those
that are seriously affected.

272
00:41:45,542 --> 00:41:49,422
Every adult female
needs to find a safe place

273
00:41:49,822 --> 00:41:52,502
where her 80-kilo pup can rest.

274
00:41:55,662 --> 00:41:56,982
The sea ice is retreating

275
00:41:57,062 --> 00:41:59,702
from much
of the walrus' traditional range,

276
00:41:59,902 --> 00:42:03,062
so they now have
to haul out on dry land.

277
00:42:08,382 --> 00:42:11,822
But a herd of hundreds
of quarrelsome mothers,

278
00:42:11,902 --> 00:42:15,942
some weighing almost a tonne,
is not an ideal nursery.

279
00:42:25,062 --> 00:42:28,902
Walruses on land stick together
for good reason.

280
00:42:31,102 --> 00:42:32,422
Polar bears.

281
00:42:36,902 --> 00:42:40,142
A full grown male walrus is gigantic,

282
00:42:40,222 --> 00:42:42,982
too big for even a
polar bear to tackle.

283
00:42:44,942 --> 00:42:48,342
So the bear is looking
for a walrus baby.

284
00:42:54,422 --> 00:42:57,702
The scent of the bear
spreads alarm through the colony.

285
00:43:05,102 --> 00:43:07,462
The walruses retreat into the sea.

286
00:43:25,622 --> 00:43:28,982
The bear knows it won't be able
to catch them there.

287
00:43:38,822 --> 00:43:41,622
But she too has young ones to feed.

288
00:43:48,942 --> 00:43:51,822
What is a mother to do?

289
00:44:01,862 --> 00:44:04,702
A mother walrus still needs
to find a place

290
00:44:04,822 --> 00:44:06,422
where her young can rest.

291
00:44:14,102 --> 00:44:16,342
A melting iceberg might do,

292
00:44:17,662 --> 00:44:20,782
but she is not the first
to find this one.

293
00:44:28,302 --> 00:44:31,182
Suitable places are already taken.

294
00:45:04,462 --> 00:45:07,102
Other mothers don't want to share.

295
00:45:11,902 --> 00:45:15,382
They, too, need a patch of ice
where they can protect their young.

296
00:45:21,622 --> 00:45:26,302
A desperate mother has no choice
but to barge her way in.

297
00:45:49,542 --> 00:45:52,342
So this time everyone loses.

298
00:46:17,622 --> 00:46:20,622
Finding the right place
on these melting shores

299
00:46:20,862 --> 00:46:23,622
gets harder and harder.

300
00:46:58,222 --> 00:47:03,982
Solving these problems together
helps create a bond so strong

301
00:47:04,062 --> 00:47:08,742
that the mother will stay in contact
with her young for the rest of her life.

302
00:47:20,342 --> 00:47:23,942
But who knows now
what their future will be.

303
00:47:37,742 --> 00:47:41,062
As we understand more
about the complexity

304
00:47:41,222 --> 00:47:43,542
of the lives of sea creatures,

305
00:47:44,862 --> 00:47:48,982
so we begin to appreciate
the fragility of their home.

306
00:47:50,782 --> 00:47:52,502
Our blue planet.

307
00:48:28,342 --> 00:48:31,902
Blue Planet II has been
four years in the making.

308
00:48:34,702 --> 00:48:37,262
The teams have explored every ocean,

309
00:48:37,382 --> 00:48:40,262
seeking extraordinary untold stories,

310
00:48:40,342 --> 00:48:42,022
many new to science.

311
00:48:48,862 --> 00:48:52,902
Bringing a new understanding
of life beneath the waves.

312
00:49:03,542 --> 00:49:07,822
The latest diving technology
producing no bubbles or noise

313
00:49:07,942 --> 00:49:11,702
has allowed our teams
longer and closer encounters.

314
00:49:18,542 --> 00:49:21,902
To explore our final frontier,
the deep,

315
00:49:21,982 --> 00:49:25,382
we have spent a thousand hours
in submersibles

316
00:49:25,502 --> 00:49:28,182
over half a mile below the surface.

317
00:49:32,142 --> 00:49:34,542
Innovative new camera technology

318
00:49:34,622 --> 00:49:38,302
makes it possible to film moments
never seen before.

319
00:49:40,622 --> 00:49:46,062
Low-light cameras capture magical events
almost invisible to the naked eye.

320
00:49:57,142 --> 00:50:00,342
Probe cameras
give a completely fresh perspective

321
00:50:00,422 --> 00:50:02,902
into the lives of tiny creatures.

322
00:50:03,262 --> 00:50:05,182
Here he comes, here he comes.

323
00:50:05,302 --> 00:50:10,422
While suction cameras take us
on a giant's eye view of the ocean.

324
00:50:17,422 --> 00:50:21,662
But the sea is an unpredictable
and dangerous place to work.

325
00:50:26,382 --> 00:50:30,782
Nowhere more so than the so called
wild coast of South Africa.

326
00:50:34,062 --> 00:50:36,462
Home to surfing dolphins.

327
00:50:42,062 --> 00:50:46,422
The team's mission here
is to ride alongside the dolphins

328
00:50:46,502 --> 00:50:51,022
and record their surfing behaviour
in closer detail than ever before.

329
00:50:54,422 --> 00:50:56,582
These are treacherous seas,

330
00:50:56,702 --> 00:51:01,102
so the film crew enlists local
professional surfers to guide them.

331
00:51:09,822 --> 00:51:14,302
But this year, the waves are bigger
than anyone had anticipated.

332
00:51:16,102 --> 00:51:20,222
A daunting prospect for surf
cameraman, Chris Bryan.

333
00:51:21,742 --> 00:51:24,582
Yeah, I'm feeling pretty nervous,
the, uh...

334
00:51:24,782 --> 00:51:26,302
It's a big swell out there.

335
00:51:26,782 --> 00:51:30,102
Really big swell.
Like there's 20-foot waves out there,

336
00:51:30,182 --> 00:51:34,742
and, um, yeah this will probably be the
biggest seas I've ever been out in.

337
00:51:35,422 --> 00:51:37,702
No risks, no reward, I guess.

338
00:51:39,422 --> 00:51:41,262
Chris has a high-speed camera

339
00:51:41,342 --> 00:51:44,822
to shoot super slow motion action
in the waves.

340
00:51:49,702 --> 00:51:54,102
The challenge is to get as close to
the wave-riding dolphins as possible.

341
00:51:57,102 --> 00:52:01,062
The good news is that the dolphins
have been spotted on the horizon.

342
00:52:06,302 --> 00:52:10,022
Um, they said this was gonna be
the biggest swell of the year and...

343
00:52:10,502 --> 00:52:12,542
Hey, I've never seen
anything like this.

344
00:52:12,622 --> 00:52:15,422
This is much bigger
that I'd possibly imagined.

345
00:52:22,342 --> 00:52:23,662
In these waves,

346
00:52:23,742 --> 00:52:27,622
the only way to get out to the
dolphins is with a jet ski.

347
00:52:29,142 --> 00:52:30,942
It's gonna be enough
of a challenge for them

348
00:52:31,022 --> 00:52:32,502
to just kind of weave their way out.

349
00:52:57,142 --> 00:53:00,222
At last,
the driver's detailed knowledge

350
00:53:00,302 --> 00:53:02,742
gets them safely
through the massive breakers,

351
00:53:05,422 --> 00:53:08,022
but the dolphins are
nowhere to be seen.

352
00:53:11,382 --> 00:53:14,582
Leaving the crew to face
the hair-raising task

353
00:53:14,662 --> 00:53:16,182
of getting back to shore.

354
00:53:30,662 --> 00:53:32,462
Keep going, keep going!

355
00:53:42,542 --> 00:53:43,662
Whoa!

356
00:53:47,262 --> 00:53:48,782
MAN

357
00:53:48,862 --> 00:53:50,662
That was pretty wild, yeah.

358
00:53:50,862 --> 00:53:53,502
The wave actually hit
the back of the sled,

359
00:53:53,902 --> 00:53:56,318
and I was like, "Go, go. Get out
of here, guys. Get out of here."

360
00:53:56,342 --> 00:53:57,902
Heard a big bump and
almost bounced off

361
00:53:57,942 --> 00:54:01,022
trying to hold the camera
and, um, just rode out of there,

362
00:54:01,102 --> 00:54:02,542
but, yeah, it was hectic.

363
00:54:03,342 --> 00:54:05,782
Just another day at the office.

364
00:54:10,902 --> 00:54:14,822
The next day brings
a sudden change in conditions.

365
00:54:19,102 --> 00:54:20,862
Plenty of dolphins...

366
00:54:21,662 --> 00:54:23,222
but a calmer sea.

367
00:54:23,982 --> 00:54:26,942
We've got a complete lack
of any wave at all.

368
00:54:28,342 --> 00:54:30,342
Look out, look out, look out.

369
00:54:34,222 --> 00:54:36,102
As so often in the ocean,

370
00:54:36,182 --> 00:54:38,102
if you know you're
in the right place,

371
00:54:38,182 --> 00:54:41,542
you just need the patience
to wait for the perfect moment.

372
00:54:49,022 --> 00:54:52,102
A week later and a storm
is once again brewing

373
00:54:52,182 --> 00:54:56,422
off the wild coast and
surf is building.

374
00:54:56,862 --> 00:54:58,222
Feel like a nervous excitement.

375
00:54:58,302 --> 00:55:02,422
The conditions are absolutely perfect.
It's what we've been waiting for.

376
00:55:03,662 --> 00:55:05,782
And the dolphins seem to know it.

377
00:55:07,622 --> 00:55:10,702
But Chris is struggling
to get a steady shot.

378
00:55:14,622 --> 00:55:15,902
Look at that.

379
00:55:17,022 --> 00:55:19,062
Hello, gentleman. Uh, this is tricky.

380
00:55:19,622 --> 00:55:23,022
Little tricky no the jet ski, uh,
just trying to get the right angle.

381
00:55:23,142 --> 00:55:24,518
So, I'm gonna have a go on the zodiac

382
00:55:24,542 --> 00:55:26,542
and hopefully have better luck
on that one.

383
00:55:38,502 --> 00:55:41,502
The inflatable boat
gives Chris a larger,

384
00:55:41,582 --> 00:55:43,822
more stable filming platform.

385
00:55:46,862 --> 00:55:51,662
At last, he's in exactly the right
place at exactly the right time.

386
00:55:56,942 --> 00:55:59,062
And the results are spectacular.

387
00:56:00,102 --> 00:56:02,222
That's amazing!

388
00:56:10,462 --> 00:56:11,942
Mission accomplished.

389
00:56:18,902 --> 00:56:21,862
And this intimate footage
is now available

390
00:56:21,942 --> 00:56:24,782
as part of wider scientific studies.

391
00:56:28,542 --> 00:56:31,262
Supporting evidence
that dolphins surf

392
00:56:31,382 --> 00:56:34,742
to strengthen friendships,
develop social skills

393
00:56:34,822 --> 00:56:38,502
and for the sheer exhilaration of it.

394
00:56:49,302 --> 00:56:50,382
Next time.

395
00:56:51,582 --> 00:56:52,942
The deep.

396
00:56:54,022 --> 00:56:56,942
A world richer
than we ever though possible,

397
00:56:58,342 --> 00:56:59,782
where creatures thrive,

398
00:57:01,542 --> 00:57:04,982
in the most extreme
conditions on earth.

399
00:57:05,906 --> 00:57:11,906
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