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_

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Synced by Bakugan

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In 1903,

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the 100 residents of a
small town in Virginia

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didn't want the patients

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living at the nearby insane asylum

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to be their neighbors.

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They voted, and it was agreed

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that the inmates would be relocated

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and the asylum closed.

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The patients were transferred
to the Lorton Reformatory,

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a prison outside of Washington, D.C.

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The vehicle swerved,

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rolled, and crashed.

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Two patients escaped into the woods...

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Marcus Wallster and Douglas Grifon,

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a man who'd murdered his wife and child

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on Easter Sunday.

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A manhunt discovered a
trail of half-eaten rabbits

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left on the ground and
hanging in the trees.

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The trail led the officers
to one of the escaped inmates.

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Marcus Wallster was found

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hanging from a railroad bridge,

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a crude, self-made ax in one hand

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and a note attached to his foot.

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It read "You'll never
catch the Bunny Man."

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The other fugitive, Douglas Grifon,

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was the Bunny Man.

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He was never found.

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Two years later, on Halloween night,

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three teenagers went out
into the woods to drink

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and were later found
hanging from the bridge.

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Each had been gutted,

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just like the mutilated rabbits.

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Similar murders occurred
the following year...

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then in 1913

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and once more in 1946.

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The police were finally able

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to track Grifon down.

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It turns out, as he escaped,

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he'd been hit by a train and killed.

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Police reported hearing laughter

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after the train had passed.

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Nowadays, the bridge

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is a popular Halloween destination,

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but there's little chance

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of seeing the ghost of the Bunny Man.

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You see, there are no records to prove

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that any of these events
actually ever occurred.

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The asylum that Grifon and Wallster

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were believed to have escaped from,

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it never existed.

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The Lorton Prison
wasn't built until 1910,

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seven years after the reported
transfer of the inmates.

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And there are no records

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of prisoners named Wallster or Grifon.

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No record of any murders

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near or on the Bunny Man bridge.

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But just because it's folklore

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doesn't mean we shouldn't listen.

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The thing is

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the insane are the characters
in our horror stories

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for a reason.

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They're the dark side,

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the negative image of who we are,

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and that's fascinating
and utterly terrifying.

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I'm Aaron Mahnke. This is Lore.

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The asylum.

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A place for people in need...

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built with the best intentions:

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to ease the anguish of the insane.

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But the mental institution

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is home to our worst nightmares.

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Hell on Earth.

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Where we set horror stories.

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Bethlehem Hospital is Europe's

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oldest functioning psychiatric hospital,

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founded at the beginning
of the 15th century.

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As some of the earliest patients

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passed through its gates,

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they were greeted by two statues...

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"Melancholy" and "Raving Madness."

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When Bethlehem first opened,

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mental illness wasn't seen

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as a condition that could be treated,

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and those considered dangerous

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would be shackled and kept
in solitary confinement.

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By the 19th century,

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Londoners had shortened
the hospital name

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to Bethlam...

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...which was then further clipped

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to Bedlam, a name

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that's become synonymous

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with chaos and madness.

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Corrupt and cruel,

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Bedlam was run like a zoo.

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For a shilling, Londoners
could roam the hallways

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and see the lunatics.

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As the centuries passed,

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so-called treatment
at asylums like Bedlam

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continued to be variations of violence,

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as if mental illness could
be beaten out of the mind.

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Inmates were routinely placed in cages,

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chained, isolated.

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Death often came

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before any cure.

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In 1930,

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Bedlam entered the modern era

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when a new facility was constructed.

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In spite of this,

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a nightmare of human misery

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was still contained within its walls.

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The following decade,

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American physician
Walter Jackson Freeman II

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imagined what can only be considered,

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well, unimaginable.

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Walter Freeman was going to eliminate

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the need for the asylum

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forever.

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So, Ralph, Ellen.

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Did you read the paper I gave you?

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Any questions about the procedure?

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Terrific.

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There's a coffee shop

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across the street and down a block.

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Come on back in, say, an hour?

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Hop on up, Ellen.

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Hang on.

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You can keep your shoes on.

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Ellen.

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Come on.

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First transorbital leucotomy a success.

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Transected cortical tissue
of the prefrontal cortex

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to the thalamus.

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Sallie Ellen lonesco

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suffered from depression

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and violent episodes.

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Two suicide attempts.

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Psychiatric therapy and
several institutional stays

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resulted in no progress.

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In asylums, patients are
allowed to deteriorate.

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Transorbital lobotomy

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promises a revolutionary advance.

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A simple, effective method of treatment,

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it offers hope of returning

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a high percentage of
"incurable psychotics"

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to their communities.

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Critics may question a procedure

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intentionally damaging the brain,

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but which is better,

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to damage the brain a bit

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and get the patient out of the hospital

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or do nothing?

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For everything we know

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about what the brain is made of,

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we know very little about how it works

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and even less about how it doesn't.

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Sigmund Freud believed

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that many forms of mental illness

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were the result of repressed
unconscious desires.

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He revolutionized treatment

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with the development of psychoanalysis,

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a dialogue between patient and doctor

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that would, over the
course of many years,

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reveal the source of the problem.

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There was a rival and opposite approach

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to psychiatry:

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psychosurgery.

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Advancements in surgical technique

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made brain surgery a faster

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and less expensive route
toward curing mental illness.

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One of the founders
of modern psychosurgery

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was a Portuguese doctor
named Antonio Egas Moniz.

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In 1935, Moniz drilled several holes

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into a female patient's skull.

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The surgical procedure
he was experimenting with

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would sever the nerves

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connecting the frontal
lobe to the thalamus.

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Moniz believed that
severing the connection

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between these parts of the brain

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could produce beneficial effects,

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transforming a psychotic patient

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into someone more docile
and less tormented.

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He'd eventually win the Nobel Prize

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for his discovery

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of the therapeutic value of leucotomy.

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Leucotomy, you see,

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was another word for
prefrontal lobotomy.

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When Walter Freeman

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and his partner,
neurosurgeon James Watts,

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heard about the procedure,

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they knew it had the potential

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to radically alter the treatment

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of chronic mental illness.

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Freeman,

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who wasn't licensed to practice surgery,

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would stand behind Watts and direct him,

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telling him how and
where to point the blade.

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In 1946,

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Life Magazine published an article

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titled "Bedlam."

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It was about the deplorable state

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in two mental hospitals
in Ohio and Pennsylvania,

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conditions that were
typical for the time.

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Freeman was determined
to become a savior

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to patients like those in the article,

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but the procedure he
developed with Watts

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was time consuming and costly.

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In the ten years they'd
been performing lobotomies,

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they'd only done a few hundred.

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If Freeman wanted to make a difference,

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he'd have to do thousands.

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He heard about the work

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of an Italian doctor
who developed a technique

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to reach the brain
through the eye sockets.

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This was the shortcut
Freeman was looking for.

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By inserting a large needle

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into the skull through the eye socket,

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he would wiggle it

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to sever the nerves in the frontal lobe.

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He called the procedure
the transorbital lobotomy.

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It was quick, it was cheap,

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and it was so simple

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that it could performed
in a doctor's office

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without the use of anesthesia.

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When Watts walked into
their shared office

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and saw a patient

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with a needle sticking out of each eye,

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he was horrified.

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Freeman is said to have asked
Watts to hold the instruments

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so that he could snap a picture.

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I'm Dr. Freeman,

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and this is my new associate.

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And this...

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it's an Orbitoclast.

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00:14:48,638 --> 00:14:51,725
O-R-B-I-T-O-C-L-A-S-T.

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Orbitoclast.

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We had a machinist friend
of ours make this one,

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and we tested it by
inserting it through a keyhole

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and then lifting it with a force

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00:14:59,149 --> 00:15:00,775
of 25 kilograms on the handle

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00:15:00,817 --> 00:15:02,986
without bending or breaking it.

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00:15:03,028 --> 00:15:06,531
But you see, this is actually
the second Orbitoclast.

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00:15:06,573 --> 00:15:09,701
A funny story. Marjorie...
my wife Marjorie.

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00:15:12,078 --> 00:15:14,581
And my wife Marjorie.

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00:15:14,623 --> 00:15:16,666
Honey, tell everyone what I used

247
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as the first Orbitoclast.

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A... An ice pick.

249
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That's right. Ha ha ha!

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An ice pick, right off
our kitchen counter.

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I needed a stiff, you
know, sharp object,

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and there it was.

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I practiced first on
oranges and grapefruits.

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But here today we have Allan.

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Allan suffers from chronic depression.

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He's tried to kill himself.

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He's visiting us today
from Saint Elizabeth's.

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The problems of our mental
hospitals cannot be met

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until the backlog of
chronically disturbed patients

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is much more effectively treated

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than they are at the present moment.

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Now, I maintain

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that the proper application
of the transorbital leucotomy

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will turn our asylums
into old peoples' homes,

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and this at a cost of
only $25 to the patient.

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No, no, no, no.

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Allan, today is on the house.

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00:16:18,770 --> 00:16:21,856
Of the 400 prefrontal leucotomies

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00:16:21,898 --> 00:16:23,775
that I've performed in asylums,

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only one patient has died
on the day of the procedure.

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Two died days later from
bleeding in the brain,

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and six patients, uh,

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suffered convulsions
or other complications.

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00:16:35,495 --> 00:16:37,330
But don't be nervous, Allan.

275
00:16:37,372 --> 00:16:40,500
I have my private cases
performed here in the office.

276
00:16:40,542 --> 00:16:44,212
85% were allowed to live at home.

277
00:16:44,254 --> 00:16:46,715
In fact, one went on to
get his pilot's license.

278
00:16:46,756 --> 00:16:49,134
Another's an orchestra violinist.

279
00:16:49,175 --> 00:16:51,177
Many have been married
since the procedure.

280
00:16:51,219 --> 00:16:54,556
Now true, immediately after a lobotomy,

281
00:16:54,597 --> 00:16:57,851
patients are cheerful
to the point of elation

282
00:16:57,892 --> 00:17:00,311
for a few days or a few weeks.

283
00:17:00,353 --> 00:17:01,813
Then they display what I call

284
00:17:01,855 --> 00:17:04,399
the Boy Scout's virtues in reverse.

285
00:17:04,441 --> 00:17:07,819
Patients demonstrate a
lack of trustworthiness,

286
00:17:07,861 --> 00:17:10,488
helpfulness, kindness,
cleanliness, or reverence.

287
00:17:10,530 --> 00:17:12,991
But that can be remedied

288
00:17:13,032 --> 00:17:15,285
with a follow-up of aftershock.

289
00:17:21,040 --> 00:17:22,709
Walter!

290
00:17:24,043 --> 00:17:26,004
This is not a cure.

291
00:17:26,045 --> 00:17:28,381
This only shuts the patient up.

292
00:17:28,423 --> 00:17:31,009
Bill, can you at least wait
till you see how it's done?

293
00:17:31,050 --> 00:17:32,719
The only thing this accomplishes

294
00:17:32,761 --> 00:17:35,764
is making it easier for
those who are nursing them.

295
00:17:35,805 --> 00:17:38,391
Bill, you know what my favorite
definition of genius is?

296
00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:42,479
Genius is the ability to
put the cart before the horse

297
00:17:42,520 --> 00:17:45,440
and make them both run.

298
00:17:50,403 --> 00:17:54,824
So, fellas, follow here
as I lift Allan's eyelid.

299
00:17:57,994 --> 00:18:00,371
I'll then take my small mallet,

300
00:18:00,413 --> 00:18:04,751
and, in back where the
bone is very, very thin,

301
00:18:04,793 --> 00:18:08,004
I want to go in about 5 centimeters.

302
00:18:09,297 --> 00:18:11,132
I will now transect

303
00:18:11,174 --> 00:18:15,303
the cortical tissues at the thalamus.

304
00:18:19,182 --> 00:18:21,017
Oh, Bill.

305
00:18:22,811 --> 00:18:25,188
I guess Bill won't be
staying for the second one.

306
00:18:41,454 --> 00:18:44,415
We'll extract the Orbitoclast,

307
00:18:44,457 --> 00:18:47,836
and that's all there is to it.

308
00:18:50,129 --> 00:18:54,050
Now, Allan will suffer
a couple black eyes,

309
00:18:54,092 --> 00:18:56,719
but we send them home with
a fine pair of new sunglasses

310
00:18:56,761 --> 00:18:58,513
so they're not too embarrassed

311
00:18:58,555 --> 00:19:00,098
when they see their friends
back at St. Elizabeth's.

312
00:19:01,391 --> 00:19:03,852
His shuddering should slow down

313
00:19:03,893 --> 00:19:06,062
in about 35, 45 minutes.

314
00:19:06,104 --> 00:19:10,316
And somebody want to
check on Bill there?

315
00:19:10,358 --> 00:19:12,777
I don't think his pulse is
nearly as good as Allan's.

316
00:19:15,822 --> 00:19:20,451
1946 was a rocket ride
for Walter Freeman.

317
00:19:20,493 --> 00:19:23,121
America had just defeated fascism,

318
00:19:23,162 --> 00:19:26,916
and people saw possibility
and potential everywhere,

319
00:19:26,958 --> 00:19:30,211
and they embraced his
radical new procedure.

320
00:19:30,253 --> 00:19:33,214
"Any damn fool could
learn it," Freeman joked.

321
00:19:33,256 --> 00:19:36,342
And he set off across
the country to prove it.

322
00:19:39,429 --> 00:19:41,681
For cash-strapped institutions,

323
00:19:41,723 --> 00:19:44,058
it was impossible to resist a procedure

324
00:19:44,100 --> 00:19:47,353
that could deliver such
apparent relief so easily.

325
00:19:47,395 --> 00:19:49,856
Just a silent insertion,

326
00:19:49,898 --> 00:19:51,733
a few tiny taps...

327
00:19:53,776 --> 00:19:55,820
and the horrors that had dominated

328
00:19:55,862 --> 00:19:57,864
the minds of the chronically ill

329
00:19:57,906 --> 00:19:59,115
could be taken away.

330
00:20:01,367 --> 00:20:03,411
Buoyed by his growing popularity.

331
00:20:03,453 --> 00:20:06,748
Freeman began promising more.

332
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:10,168
The lobotomy, he maintained,
could provide relief

333
00:20:10,209 --> 00:20:12,962
for non-institutionalized
patients as well,

334
00:20:13,004 --> 00:20:15,423
like Warner Baxter.

335
00:20:15,465 --> 00:20:17,634
Baxter was the second man ever

336
00:20:17,675 --> 00:20:20,678
to take home an Academy
Award for best actor,

337
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:23,264
and he remained one of
the highest paid actors

338
00:20:23,306 --> 00:20:24,933
in the 1940s.

339
00:20:24,974 --> 00:20:28,186
But by 1950, he was plagued by arthritis

340
00:20:28,227 --> 00:20:31,731
that was so crippling that he
had trouble feeding himself.

341
00:20:31,773 --> 00:20:35,610
So in 1951, he famously
underwent a lobotomy

342
00:20:35,652 --> 00:20:37,570
in search of relief.

343
00:20:37,612 --> 00:20:39,739
Freeman had moved the lobotomy

344
00:20:39,781 --> 00:20:42,158
from the fringes to the mainstream.

345
00:20:46,663 --> 00:20:49,499
One of Freeman's most
noted cases, however,

346
00:20:49,540 --> 00:20:51,209
from years earlier,

347
00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:53,795
had been kept tightly under wraps.

348
00:20:53,836 --> 00:20:56,047
But that secrecy

349
00:20:56,089 --> 00:20:58,967
wasn't intended to protect
Freeman's reputation.

350
00:21:03,638 --> 00:21:05,682
Rosemary Kennedy was the third

351
00:21:05,723 --> 00:21:08,351
of Joe and Rose Kennedy's nine children.

352
00:21:08,393 --> 00:21:12,855
In 1918, Rose suddenly went
into labor with Rosemary.

353
00:21:12,897 --> 00:21:15,525
The nurse was reluctant
to deliver the baby

354
00:21:15,566 --> 00:21:17,360
without a doctor present.

355
00:21:17,402 --> 00:21:20,154
She ordered Rose to keep
her legs tightly shut

356
00:21:20,196 --> 00:21:22,407
in an effort to delay the birth.

357
00:21:22,448 --> 00:21:25,243
It didn't work, and she
forced the baby's head

358
00:21:25,284 --> 00:21:27,245
back into the birth canal.

359
00:21:27,286 --> 00:21:29,914
For two agonizing hours,

360
00:21:29,956 --> 00:21:33,251
baby Rosemary was deprived
of sufficient oxygen,

361
00:21:33,292 --> 00:21:35,628
and this caused her
lasting brain damage.

362
00:21:37,380 --> 00:21:41,217
Rosemary was a joyful, exuberant child,

363
00:21:41,259 --> 00:21:43,511
but she often experienced seizures

364
00:21:43,553 --> 00:21:45,096
and violent tantrums,

365
00:21:45,138 --> 00:21:48,141
and she struggled intellectually.

366
00:21:48,182 --> 00:21:49,726
In a family renowned

367
00:21:49,767 --> 00:21:52,270
for brilliant, striving overachievers,

368
00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:54,605
the frustration and
feeling of inferiority

369
00:21:54,647 --> 00:21:55,982
must have been unbearable.

370
00:21:57,525 --> 00:22:00,278
In response, Rosemary acted out.

371
00:22:02,822 --> 00:22:04,907
Fearing that scandal might threaten

372
00:22:04,949 --> 00:22:07,577
his other children's
political prospects,

373
00:22:07,618 --> 00:22:09,287
and without consulting his wife,

374
00:22:09,328 --> 00:22:11,372
Joseph Kennedy brought
his troubled daughter

375
00:22:11,414 --> 00:22:13,624
to Walter Freeman and James Watts

376
00:22:13,666 --> 00:22:15,460
for a prefrontal lobotomy.

377
00:22:29,974 --> 00:22:32,101
The lobotomy left Rosemary Kennedy

378
00:22:32,143 --> 00:22:33,853
permanently disabled.

379
00:22:33,895 --> 00:22:36,939
Initially, she could
only speak a few words.

380
00:22:38,691 --> 00:22:41,736
She never regained the
full use of one arm,

381
00:22:41,778 --> 00:22:43,613
and she walked with a limp.

382
00:22:43,654 --> 00:22:47,366
Consigned to a church-run
facility in Wisconsin,

383
00:22:47,408 --> 00:22:49,786
the rebellious and
free-spirited Rosemary

384
00:22:49,827 --> 00:22:53,164
had been more or less
silenced by the age of 23.

385
00:23:04,759 --> 00:23:07,470
On July 8, 1946,

386
00:23:07,512 --> 00:23:10,556
Freeman took his two
young sons Randy and Keen,

387
00:23:10,598 --> 00:23:13,267
along with a nephew, on a camping trip.

388
00:23:13,309 --> 00:23:16,521
They planned to hike in
Yosemite National Park,

389
00:23:16,562 --> 00:23:18,815
climbing along Vernal Falls,

390
00:23:18,856 --> 00:23:23,152
325 feet off the Merced River.

391
00:23:23,194 --> 00:23:25,738
While hiking along the river's edge,

392
00:23:25,780 --> 00:23:30,118
Keen bent down to refill his canteen.

393
00:23:30,159 --> 00:23:32,537
I heard Keen shout.

394
00:23:32,578 --> 00:23:37,500
I turned and saw that
he'd fallen into the river.

395
00:23:37,542 --> 00:23:41,087
The current was taking
him toward Vernal Falls.

396
00:23:43,005 --> 00:23:47,218
I was some distance back
and became paralyzed.

397
00:23:49,220 --> 00:23:50,888
If I had vaulted over the railing

398
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,808
and extended my walking stick to him,

399
00:23:53,850 --> 00:23:55,434
I might have saved him.

400
00:23:57,478 --> 00:23:59,939
A 21-year-old man Dale,

401
00:23:59,981 --> 00:24:02,733
just five days discharged from the Navy,

402
00:24:02,775 --> 00:24:05,111
jumped in the river
and managed to grab Keen

403
00:24:05,153 --> 00:24:07,363
15 feet from the fall.

404
00:24:07,405 --> 00:24:11,325
The last I saw was his face

405
00:24:11,367 --> 00:24:14,078
as he went over the edge.

406
00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:16,914
The small crowd there screamed.

407
00:24:18,457 --> 00:24:20,918
Randy, Jeff, and I were paralyzed.

408
00:24:22,795 --> 00:24:26,048
I jerked myself out
of my paralysis of fear

409
00:24:26,090 --> 00:24:29,635
and ran down the trail,
screaming to myself,

410
00:24:29,677 --> 00:24:32,346
"Keen...

411
00:24:32,388 --> 00:24:34,682
"Keen...

412
00:24:34,724 --> 00:24:36,726
"you're dead.

413
00:24:36,767 --> 00:24:38,186
You're killed."

414
00:24:41,606 --> 00:24:46,569
They did not find
Keen's body for a week,

415
00:24:46,611 --> 00:24:49,864
lodged between two rocks.

416
00:24:49,906 --> 00:24:54,493
Mr. Loos, the sailor, was
found a week after that.

417
00:24:57,788 --> 00:25:02,919
I had to identify my son.

418
00:25:06,130 --> 00:25:07,965
I had to look twice...

419
00:25:10,551 --> 00:25:12,929
but there's no mistaking him.

420
00:25:14,972 --> 00:25:17,141
He had been in the
water for a week or so,

421
00:25:17,183 --> 00:25:18,851
and even though it was cold,

422
00:25:18,893 --> 00:25:22,355
there was some swelling of the tissues,

423
00:25:22,396 --> 00:25:23,731
body gases,

424
00:25:23,773 --> 00:25:26,484
and some peeling of the skin.

425
00:25:26,525 --> 00:25:29,070
There was no disfigurement.

426
00:25:29,111 --> 00:25:32,406
Fortunately, the back of the
skull was severely crushed,

427
00:25:32,448 --> 00:25:34,533
showing that death was immediate...

428
00:25:35,826 --> 00:25:37,578
and painless.

429
00:26:15,283 --> 00:26:18,202
I was certain I'd find you
here with another woman.

430
00:26:18,244 --> 00:26:21,539
Marjorie, after 22 years of marriage,

431
00:26:21,580 --> 00:26:23,332
you should understand that,

432
00:26:23,374 --> 00:26:26,127
though possessing diplovirility,

433
00:26:26,168 --> 00:26:29,714
the path to my emotional
recovery is through work

434
00:26:29,755 --> 00:26:33,384
and not through another
woman's parted legs.

435
00:26:40,683 --> 00:26:42,810
They'll send you to a
psychiatric hospital again

436
00:26:42,852 --> 00:26:44,270
if you keep that up.

437
00:26:44,312 --> 00:26:46,397
"They"?

438
00:26:59,035 --> 00:27:00,536
Drink with me?

439
00:27:15,009 --> 00:27:17,762
Do something to help me.

440
00:27:23,476 --> 00:27:27,938
Our children will support
me if I file for divorce.

441
00:27:27,980 --> 00:27:29,357
They told me so.

442
00:27:33,194 --> 00:27:34,862
You don't have the strength

443
00:27:34,904 --> 00:27:37,573
to go through all it would take.

444
00:27:37,615 --> 00:27:41,827
Is that coming from my
husband or my doctor?

445
00:28:21,075 --> 00:28:24,703
The only thing that I know for certain

446
00:28:24,745 --> 00:28:27,748
is that my life is over.

447
00:28:37,007 --> 00:28:39,093
Oh, no.

448
00:29:12,168 --> 00:29:15,713
Walter Freeman never tried
to ease Marjorie's pain

449
00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:17,923
by subjecting her to the procedure

450
00:29:17,965 --> 00:29:20,301
that had brought him fame and fortune.

451
00:29:25,764 --> 00:29:30,644
And, while he performed
nearly 3,500 lobotomies,

452
00:29:30,686 --> 00:29:34,231
Freeman was never able to
do what he set out to do,

453
00:29:34,273 --> 00:29:36,817
which was to empty the asylums.

454
00:29:36,859 --> 00:29:39,487
By the mid-1950s,

455
00:29:39,528 --> 00:29:42,740
the number of patients in
U.S. mental institutions

456
00:29:42,781 --> 00:29:45,201
did experience a steady decline.

457
00:29:45,242 --> 00:29:47,411
But it wasn't Freeman's lobotomies

458
00:29:47,453 --> 00:29:50,331
that were responsible
for reducing the numbers.

459
00:29:51,665 --> 00:29:54,502
It was a pill.

460
00:29:54,543 --> 00:29:56,378
Chlorpromazine,

461
00:29:56,420 --> 00:29:58,589
more commonly known as Thorazine,

462
00:29:58,631 --> 00:30:01,759
was introduced in America in 1954.

463
00:30:03,719 --> 00:30:06,347
Its effect on patients was immediate.

464
00:30:06,388 --> 00:30:08,641
Psychiatrists were amazed.

465
00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:11,101
In fact, it was so fast

466
00:30:11,143 --> 00:30:12,770
that it was popularly referred to

467
00:30:12,811 --> 00:30:14,271
as a chemical lobotomy.

468
00:30:15,856 --> 00:30:17,942
The development of Thorazine was hailed

469
00:30:17,983 --> 00:30:22,071
as one of the great
advances in psychiatry.

470
00:30:22,112 --> 00:30:23,948
Thorazine calmed patients

471
00:30:23,989 --> 00:30:26,325
and greatly reduced
their hallucinations,

472
00:30:26,367 --> 00:30:29,286
delusions, and agitation,

473
00:30:29,328 --> 00:30:32,248
the major symptoms of schizophrenia.

474
00:30:34,291 --> 00:30:36,544
By the end of its first
year on the market,

475
00:30:36,585 --> 00:30:38,295
doctors had used Thorazine

476
00:30:38,337 --> 00:30:40,172
to treat more than 2 million patients.

477
00:30:45,553 --> 00:30:48,389
It might decrease the use of lobotomy,

478
00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:51,225
but I don't see it ever replacing it.

479
00:30:51,267 --> 00:30:53,143
They're calling it

480
00:30:53,185 --> 00:30:55,688
the psychological
equivalent of penicillin.

481
00:30:55,729 --> 00:30:57,147
It's a stopgap used

482
00:30:57,189 --> 00:30:58,857
to mask the symptoms of mental illness,

483
00:30:58,899 --> 00:31:00,109
not to heal them.

484
00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:01,485
It just shuts the patients up

485
00:31:01,527 --> 00:31:02,653
while others nurse them.

486
00:31:06,949 --> 00:31:08,367
Walt, that's...

487
00:31:08,409 --> 00:31:11,161
that's word for word what Nolan said

488
00:31:11,203 --> 00:31:13,622
when we demonstrated
transorbital lobotomy.

489
00:31:17,876 --> 00:31:20,421
Look,

490
00:31:20,462 --> 00:31:21,964
I think...

491
00:31:24,383 --> 00:31:30,055
we should use the release
of this drug as cause...

492
00:31:30,097 --> 00:31:31,974
as the reason...

493
00:31:35,769 --> 00:31:37,479
to call it a day.

494
00:31:41,734 --> 00:31:44,111
Look, I've been given a heads up.

495
00:31:45,613 --> 00:31:47,990
Greenblatt and Solomon.

496
00:31:48,032 --> 00:31:50,284
They've just edited a report

497
00:31:50,326 --> 00:31:52,786
on the long-term effects
of lobotomy... its...

498
00:31:56,040 --> 00:32:00,169
"permanent inability
to inhibit impulses,

499
00:32:00,210 --> 00:32:02,755
"its unnatural tranquility

500
00:32:02,796 --> 00:32:05,466
with undesirable shallowness
and absence of feeling."

501
00:32:13,223 --> 00:32:16,894
Christmas cards from
my lobotomized patients.

502
00:32:16,935 --> 00:32:19,188
How many other doctors
get Christmas cards?

503
00:32:19,229 --> 00:32:20,981
Do you think anyone is going to send

504
00:32:21,023 --> 00:32:23,067
the makers of Thorazine
a Christmas card?

505
00:32:23,108 --> 00:32:24,985
I changed lives!

506
00:32:37,581 --> 00:32:38,624
Look at that.

507
00:32:40,834 --> 00:32:43,045
Did you really change lives, Walt?

508
00:33:14,576 --> 00:33:19,164
It's easy to think of him
as a monster, an egomaniac

509
00:33:19,206 --> 00:33:21,542
who abused his patients' trust.

510
00:33:23,335 --> 00:33:26,422
And he was all of those things.

511
00:33:26,463 --> 00:33:28,132
But at the same time,

512
00:33:28,173 --> 00:33:30,008
he really did want to make a difference

513
00:33:30,050 --> 00:33:32,678
in the lives of the people
who came to him for help.

514
00:33:36,682 --> 00:33:38,142
He only gets worse.

515
00:33:38,183 --> 00:33:40,018
He refuses to change.

516
00:33:40,060 --> 00:33:41,937
You think he'd think what's best

517
00:33:41,979 --> 00:33:43,814
for the family first, for others,

518
00:33:43,856 --> 00:33:48,068
but he's destructive to me
and my husband and himself.

519
00:33:48,110 --> 00:33:54,324
and he will not... he refuses to see it.

520
00:33:54,366 --> 00:33:56,410
He thinks he's better
than everyone else.

521
00:33:56,452 --> 00:33:58,245
We've tried everything, and...

522
00:33:59,913 --> 00:34:01,999
it's in your hands now.

523
00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:04,168
Hmm.

524
00:34:04,209 --> 00:34:07,755
"He does not react to
either love or punishment

525
00:34:07,796 --> 00:34:10,257
and seems to do a lot of daydreaming."

526
00:34:12,718 --> 00:34:14,803
Me, too.

527
00:34:14,845 --> 00:34:19,183
"And when asked about it,
he says 'I don't know'.

528
00:34:19,224 --> 00:34:21,852
"Charles turns room lights on

529
00:34:21,894 --> 00:34:23,979
when there's broad sunlight outside."

530
00:34:25,689 --> 00:34:27,608
Hmm.

531
00:34:27,649 --> 00:34:29,860
Okay, then.

532
00:34:29,902 --> 00:34:31,862
Any questions about the procedure?

533
00:34:33,947 --> 00:34:35,699
All right.

534
00:34:35,741 --> 00:34:38,285
There's a coffee shop across the street.

535
00:34:38,327 --> 00:34:42,623
Why don't you come back
in, say, about an hour?

536
00:34:43,832 --> 00:34:44,875
All right.

537
00:34:50,756 --> 00:34:52,216
Okay, Charlie.

538
00:34:54,510 --> 00:34:55,969
Jump on up.

539
00:35:06,313 --> 00:35:08,315
Go ahead and pop that in for me.

540
00:35:10,901 --> 00:35:12,903
I'm just gonna lay you down gently.

541
00:35:12,945 --> 00:35:14,196
Head on the pillow.

542
00:35:15,656 --> 00:35:16,990
Perfect.

543
00:36:02,619 --> 00:36:06,790
In 1967, the medical board
finally banned Walter Freeman

544
00:36:06,832 --> 00:36:08,667
from performing lobotomies.

545
00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:13,964
In 1968, he hit the road again,

546
00:36:14,006 --> 00:36:17,843
but this time, his
mission was different.

547
00:36:17,885 --> 00:36:21,305
Freeman crossed the country
to visit his former patients.

548
00:36:21,346 --> 00:36:23,932
He wanted to see what
their lives were like,

549
00:36:23,974 --> 00:36:25,851
if he had truly been the savior

550
00:36:25,893 --> 00:36:28,896
that he so desperately wanted to be.

551
00:36:28,937 --> 00:36:31,481
Maybe he was looking for the one thing

552
00:36:31,523 --> 00:36:34,860
his lobotomized patients
couldn't give him:

553
00:36:34,902 --> 00:36:36,111
redemption.

554
00:36:37,821 --> 00:36:40,908
Marjorie Freeman died in 1970,

555
00:36:40,949 --> 00:36:44,828
but, really, her life ended
the day her son passed away.

556
00:36:47,664 --> 00:36:51,001
Walter Freeman died of
cancer two years later.

557
00:36:51,043 --> 00:36:53,295
He's buried beside his wife and son.

558
00:36:55,255 --> 00:36:58,383
There is a hole near
the top of his tombstone,

559
00:36:58,425 --> 00:37:03,180
as if it had been punctured
with a large ice pick.

560
00:37:03,221 --> 00:37:04,681
When I first saw it,

561
00:37:04,723 --> 00:37:06,183
I thought of it as a hole

562
00:37:06,224 --> 00:37:08,727
in a life of unfulfilled dreams.

563
00:37:08,769 --> 00:37:12,314
But then again, maybe
I'm overthinking it.

564
00:37:12,356 --> 00:37:15,233
Maybe it's just a coincidence.

565
00:37:15,275 --> 00:37:19,029
After all, lore has a
way of doing that to you.

566
00:37:23,180 --> 00:37:26,766
Synced by Bakugan